Key Points:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) includes a range of conditions, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
- The DSM-5 now classifies autism as a single spectrum, but previous terms like Asperger’s Syndrome and PDD-NOS are still widely recognized.
- Understanding the different types of ASD autism can help parents and caregivers seek the right support and interventions.
Autism isn’t a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. Some children communicate fluently but struggle with social cues, while others face more profound challenges in daily life. If you’ve ever wondered why autism looks different in every child, learning about the types of ASD autism can help you better understand your child’s needs.
What are the Types of ASD Autism?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is classified as a single diagnosis with different severity levels, but historically, it included multiple subtypes. While the DSM-5 now groups them under one umbrella, understanding these different forms can help parents recognize signs and access the right interventions. Below are the primary types of autism previously recognized, as well as how they fit within the current spectrum.
1. Level 1 Autism (Mild Autism, Previously Asperger’s Syndrome)
Level 1 autism is considered the mildest form of ASD. Previously known as Asperger’s Syndrome, individuals with this type often have strong cognitive and verbal skills but struggle with social interactions.
Common traits of Level 1 autism:
- Difficulty with social cues – Trouble understanding body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice.
- Literal thinking – May struggle with sarcasm or figurative language.
- Repetitive behaviors – Special interests or rigid routines.
- Sensory sensitivities – Over- or under-reacting to sounds, lights, or textures.
People with Level 1 autism often require minimal support in daily life, but social skills training, behavioral therapy, and structured routines can be beneficial.
2. Level 2 Autism (Moderate Autism)
Level 2 autism is a more significant presentation of ASD, requiring substantial support in communication, behavior, and social interactions.
Common traits of Level 2 autism:
- Limited verbal communication – Speech may be delayed or repetitive.
- Difficulty adapting to change – Struggles with transitions and unexpected events.
- Stronger repetitive behaviors – Hand-flapping, rocking, or fixations on specific objects.
- Sensory processing challenges – Extreme reactions to sensory stimuli.
Interventions like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy can help children with Level 2 autism improve their communication and independence.
3. Level 3 Autism (Severe Autism)
Level 3 autism is the most significant form of ASD, requiring intensive support in all areas of life. Individuals with Level 3 autism often have limited or no verbal communication and exhibit profound social and behavioral challenges.
Common traits of Level 3 autism:
- Minimal or no spoken language – May rely on alternative communication methods like picture boards or assistive devices.
- Severe sensory sensitivities – Strong reactions to noise, textures, or lights.
- Self-injurious behaviors – Head-banging, biting, or excessive repetitive motions.
- Significant difficulty with social interaction – May not seek interaction or respond to social cues.
Early intervention is crucial for individuals with Level 3 autism. ABA therapy, speech therapy, and structured learning programs can help develop functional skills and reduce distressing behaviors.
4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) – Rare but Severe
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) is a rare form of autism where children develop typically for the first few years of life and then experience a sudden loss of skills. This regression typically occurs between ages 2 and 4.
Symptoms of CDD:
- Loss of language abilities – Previously spoken words disappear.
- Decline in motor skills – Difficulty with coordination or previously mastered physical tasks.
- Regression in social skills – Loss of interest in interaction or play.
CDD is now considered part of the broader ASD diagnosis, but it remains one of the most severe and challenging presentations. Early intervention can help slow regression and develop alternative communication methods.
5. Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
Before the DSM-5 reclassification, PDD-NOS was used for children who exhibited some characteristics of autism but did not meet all diagnostic criteria.
Traits of PDD-NOS:
- Mild to moderate social difficulties – Some challenges with eye contact, conversation, or peer interactions.
- Speech delays or unusual language use – Echolalia (repeating phrases) or difficulty forming sentences.
- Less pronounced repetitive behaviors – May engage in some routines but not as rigidly as those with classic autism.
Children previously diagnosed with PDD-NOS are now classified under Level 1 or Level 2 autism, depending on symptom severity.
Why Understanding the Types of ASD Autism Matters
Knowing the different presentations of autism helps parents, caregivers, and educators provide the right level of support for each child. Since autism exists on a spectrum, individualized therapy and interventions are crucial. No two individuals with autism are the same, and early, personalized support can greatly improve quality of life.
How ABA Therapy Can Help Children with Autism
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is one of the most effective evidence-based approaches for helping children with autism develop essential life skills. ABA therapy focuses on:
- Improving communication – Teaching verbal and nonverbal skills.
- Enhancing social interactions – Building relationships and understanding social cues.
- Reducing challenging behaviors – Encouraging positive behavior changes.
- Increasing independence – Supporting daily living skills like dressing and eating.
Because autism varies widely, ABA therapy is tailored to meet each child’s unique needs, ensuring they receive the right support for their developmental level.
Personalized ABA Therapy for Families in Indiana & Maryland
If your child has been diagnosed with autism, early intervention can make a meaningful difference in their growth and daily life. At Bright Life ABA, we provide personalized ABA therapy that helps children build communication, social, and behavioral skills in ways that feel natural and motivating.
We proudly serve families seeking ABA therapy in Indiana and Maryland, as well as nearby communities—helping every child take confident steps toward greater independence. Contact us today to learn how ABA therapy can support your child’s development.